.. SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2021-2026 Univention GmbH
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only

.. _deployment-initial-system-configuration:

Initial system configuration
============================

This section guides you through the interactive installation process of Nubus for UCS.
During the graphical installation,
you configure all necessary system settings through a series of prompts.
The installer walks you through each configuration step sequentially
and lets you navigate between steps.

The configuration process covers the following essential steps:

Installation mode selection
   Choose how to proceed with the installation: graphical mode with default settings, manual network configuration, or text mode.

Language and location settings
   Select the system language and geographic location, which determine the time zone and language variants.

Keyboard layout configuration
   Configure the keyboard layout independently of the system language.

Network configuration
   Set up network interfaces through automatic DHCP discovery or manual IP address configuration.

``root`` password definition
   Define the root password,
   which you also use for the ``Administrator`` domain user
   from installation of a :term:`Primary Directory Node`.

Hard drive partitioning
   Select a partitioning strategy such as standard partitioning, logical volume management (LVM), or encrypted LVM.

Base system installation
   The installer automatically installs the Nubus for UCS base system and additional software after partitioning is complete.

After completing all configuration steps, the system restarts to begin domain setup and system initialization.

.. _deployment-initial-system-configuration-install-mode:

Select the installation mode
----------------------------

After booting the system from the installation medium,
the screen shows the boot prompt in
:numref:`deployment-initial-system-configuration-isolinux-figure`.

.. _deployment-initial-system-configuration-isolinux-figure:

.. figure:: /images/installer-isolinux.*
   :alt: Installation boot prompt

   Installation boot prompt

You can choose between the following installation procedures:

.. _deployment-initial-system-configuration-install-mode-default-settings:

Start with default settings
   starts the interactive, graphic installation.
   During the installation,
   the system requests a number of parameters such as the network settings,
   hard drive partitions and domain settings and then runs installation and configuration.

.. _deployment-initial-system-configuration-install-mode-manual-network:

Start with manual network settings
   runs a standard installation
   that doesn't automatically configure the network through DHCP.
   Use this option for system installation,
   where you need to set up the network manually.

Advanced options
   The submenu offers advanced options for the installation process for selection:

   .. _deployment-initial-system-configuration-install-mode-text-mode:

   Start in text mode
      runs an interactive standard installation in text mode.
      Use this option on systems which have problems with the graphic version of the installer.
      For information,
      see :ref:`deployment-installation-text-mode`.

   .. _deployment-initial-system-configuration-install-mode-rescue-mode:

   Rescue mode
      serves to recover systems that are unable to boot.

   .. _deployment-initial-system-configuration-install-mode-boot-mode:

   Boot from first hard drive
      boots the operating system installed on the first hard drive
      instead of the Nubus for UCS installation.

.. _deployment-initial-system-configuration-install-mode-contrast:

Accessible dark contrast installer menu
   allows running the setup in a dark and contrast rich mode
   for visually impaired persons.

After you select one option,
the boot loader runs the kernel from the installation medium.
The installation consists of separate modules
that the installer loads subsequently from the installation medium, if necessary.
For example, the installer has modules for network configuration
or for the selection of software.

.. _deployment-initial-system-configuration-language:

Select the language
-------------------

In the first step, you select the system language that you want to use,
see :numref:`deployment-initial-system-configuration-language-figure`.
The selection has an influence on the use of language-specific characters
and permits the representation of program output in the selected languages
on the installed Nubus for UCS system.

If *Univention Installer* has a translation for the selected language,
it also uses the language during installation.
Otherwise, the installer continues in English.
The installer supports the languages English and German.

.. _deployment-initial-system-configuration-language-figure:

.. figure:: /images/installer-language.*
   :alt: Select the language

   Select the language

.. _deployment-initial-system-configuration-location:

Select the location
-------------------

After the language selection,
the installer shows a list of locations related to the selected language,
see :numref:`deployment-initial-system-configuration-location-figure`.
Select a suitable location from the list.
Nubus for UCS uses the selected location to configure the time zone and the correct language variant.
If the needed location isn't in the list,
select :guilabel:`other` at the bottom to see an extensive list.

.. _deployment-initial-system-configuration-location-figure:

.. figure:: /images/installer-location.*
   :alt: Select the location

   Select the location

.. _deployment-initial-system-configuration-keyboard-layout:

Select the keyboard layout
--------------------------

You can select the keyboard layout independently of the system language,
see :numref:`deployment-initial-system-configuration-keyboard-layout-figure`.
Select a language compatible with the keyboard.
Otherwise, it may cause operating problems.

.. _deployment-initial-system-configuration-keyboard-layout-figure:

.. figure:: /images/installer-keyboardselection.*
   :alt: Select the keyboard layout

   Select the keyboard layout

.. _deployment-initial-system-configuration-network-setup:

Set up network configuration
----------------------------

Initially, the *Univention Installer* attempts to configure the network interfaces automatically,
see :numref:`deployment-initial-system-configuration-network-setup-dhcp-figure`.
You can deactivate the automatic network interface configuration
by selecting :ref:`deployment-initial-system-configuration-install-mode-manual-network`
from the boot loader menu in
:ref:`deployment-initial-system-configuration-install-mode`.

First, the installer attempts to determine an IPv6 address through the stateless address autoconfiguration (SLAAC).
If unsuccessful, the installer attempts to request an IPv4 address through the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP).
If again successful, the installer skips the manual network configuration.

.. _deployment-initial-system-configuration-network-setup-dhcp-figure:

.. figure:: /images/installer-netcfg-dhcp.*
   :alt: Automatic network configuration

   Automatic network configuration

If no DHCP server is present in the local network
or your network requires a static configuration of the network interface,
click :guilabel:`Cancel`.
The installer then offers to repeat the automatic configuration
or to configure the interface manually,
see :numref:`deployment-initial-system-configuration-network-setup-static-figure`.

.. important::

   The installation of Nubus for UCS requires at least one network interface.
   If the installer can't detect a supported network card,
   it opens a list of supported drivers to choose from.

.. _deployment-initial-system-configuration-network-setup-static-figure:

.. figure:: /images/installer-netcfg-static.*
   :alt: Select the manual network configuration

   Select the manual network configuration

Manual network address configuration
   In the manual network configuration you can specify either a static IPv4 or an IPv6 address for the system,
   see :numref:`deployment-initial-system-configuration-ip-figure`.

   IPv4 addresses
      IPv4 addresses have a 32-bit length
      and you write them in four blocks in decimal form, for example ``192.0.2.10``.

   IPv6 addresses
      IPv6 addresses are four times as long and you typically write them in hexadecimal form,
      for example ``2001:db8:fe29:de27:0000:0000:0000:0000``.

   Other network address parameters
      In addition to a static IP address,
      the installer requests values for network mask, gateway, and DNS servers.

.. _deployment-initial-system-configuration-ip-figure:

.. figure:: /images/installer-netcfg-ip.*
   :alt: Specify an IP address

   Specify an IP address

Manual DNS server setting configuration
   Consider the following points when you specify a DNS server manually.
   They depend on the intended subsequent use of the Nubus for UCS system.

   First Nubus for UCS system
      When you install the first Nubus for UCS system and create a Nubus for UCS domain,
      use the IP address of the local router,
      if it provides the DNS service,
      or the DNS server of the internet provider as DNS server address.

   Additional Nubus for UCS system
      For the installation of every additional Nubus for UCS system,
      use the IP address of a :term:`UCS Primary Directory Node` as the DNS server.
      This is essential for the automatic detection of the UCS Primary Directory Node to work properly.
      In case of doubt, use the IP address of the UCS Primary Directory Node system.

   Nubus for UCS in Windows Active Directory domain
      If the Nubus for UCS system is to join a Windows Active Directory domain during the installation,
      use the IP address of an Active Directory domain controller system as the DNS server.
      This is essential for the automatic detection of the Windows Active Directory domain controller to work properly.

.. _deployment-initial-system-configuration-password:

Define the root password
------------------------

Defining a password for the ``root`` user is necessary to sign in to the installed system,
see :numref:`deployment-initial-system-configuration-password-figure`.
If you install a :term:`UCS Primary Directory Node`
the installer employs this password also the ``Administrator`` domain user.
In later operation, you can manage the passwords for the ``root`` and ``Administrator`` users independent of each other.
You must enter the password twice to ensure it's defined correctly.
For security reasons the password must contain at least eight characters.

.. _deployment-initial-system-configuration-password-figure:

.. figure:: /images/installer-password.*
   :alt: Define the root password

   Define the root password

.. _deployment-initial-system-configuration-partitioning:

Partition the hard drive
------------------------

The *Univention Installer* supports to partition hard drives
and create different file systems, such as ``ext4`` and ``XFS``.
In addition, you can also configure different partition strategies,
such as the logical volume manager (LVM), RAID, or partitions encrypted with LUKS.

The *Univention Installer* automatically selects a suitable partition layout,
Master Boot Record (MBR) or GUID Partition Table (GPT),
depending on the size of the selected hard drive.
On systems with the Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI),
the installer automatically uses GPT.

The *Univention Installer* offers guided partitioning to simplify the installation.
In the guided installation,
the installer applies certain standard schemes with respect to the partitioning and formatting to the selected hard drive.
In addition, you can manually partition the hard drive yourself.

The installer offers the following schemes for guided partitioning,
see :numref:`deployment-initial-system-configuration-partitioning-figure`:

.. _deployment-initial-system-configuration-partitioning-entire-disk:

Guided - Use entire disk
   The installer creates an individual partition for each file system.
   It doesn't use abstraction layers, such as LVM.
   It assigns the number of file systems or partitions.
   The size of the respective hard drive restricts the sizes of the partitions.

.. _deployment-initial-system-configuration-partitioning-lvm:

Guided - Use entire disk and set up LVM
   The installer creates a Logical Volume Group on the selected hard drive first.
   For each file system, it then creates a separate logical volume within the volume group.
   In this scheme, the size of the volume group restricts the size of the logical volume,
   You can subsequently enlarge the size of the volume group with additional hard drives.
   In case of doubt, select this partitioning scheme.

.. _deployment-initial-system-configuration-partitioning-lvm-encrypted:

Guided - Use entire disk with encrypted LVM
   This partitioning scheme is the same as :ref:`deployment-initial-system-configuration-partitioning-lvm`,
   with the addition that it uses an encrypted partition for the LVM volume group.
   Consequently, you must enter the password for the encrypted volume group every time you start the system.

.. warning::

   In all mentioned partitioning schemas,
   the installer deletes all existing data on the selected hard drive
   during the partitioning.

.. _deployment-initial-system-configuration-partitioning-figure:

.. figure:: /images/installer-partman-selectguided.*
   :alt: Select the partitioning scheme

   Select the partitioning scheme

Select a hard drive from the list of the detected hard drives,
where you want to apply the partitioning scheme to.

Each partitioning version has the following sub schemas,
which differ in the number of file systems it creates:

All files in one partition
   The installer creates just one partition or logical volume
   for the :file:`/` file system.

Separate :file:`/home` partition
   In addition to a file system for :file:`/`,
   the installer creates an additional file system for :file:`/home/`.

Separate :file:`/home`, :file:`/usr`, :file:`/var` and :file:`/tmp` partition
   In addition to a file system for :file:`/`,
   the installer also creates an additional file system for each of :file:`/home/`, :file:`/usr/`, :file:`/var/`, and :file:`/tmp/`.

Before the installer applies a change to the hard drive,
it summarizes the change again that you must explicitly confirm,
see :numref:`deployment-initial-system-configuration-partitioning-write-lvm-figure`.

.. _deployment-initial-system-configuration-partitioning-write-lvm-figure:

.. figure:: /images/installer-partman-writelvm.*
   :alt: Confirm to apply changes to the hard drive

   Confirm to apply changes to the hard drive

.. _deployment-initial-system-configuration-finish:

Finish installation
-------------------

After the installer completes the partitioning,
it automatically installs the Nubus for UCS base system and additional software.
The software installation takes some time depending on the speed of your hardware.
After software installation,
the installer makes the system ready for boot through installation of the GRUB boot loader,
see :numref:`deployment-initial-system-configuration-finish-figure`.

A restart into the freshly installed system follows subsequently
to complete the system configuration.
To continue with the domain setup,
see :ref:`deployment-domain-setup`.

.. _deployment-initial-system-configuration-finish-figure:

.. figure:: /images/installer-reboot.*
   :alt: Finish the installation

   Finish the installation